ISRO mission to Venus

News: After sending missions to the Moon and Mars, the ISRO is now readying a spacecraft to orbit Venus to study  what lies below the surface of the solar system’s hottest planet, and also unravel the mysteries under the Sulfuric  Acid clouds enveloping it. ISRO is planning to launch the mission in December 2024.

Earlier mission to Venus: 
•  Magellan – A Nasa mission that ended in 1994.
•  Venus Express– A European mission- focused on atmospheric science.
•  Akatsuki– Japanese spacecraft- focused on atmospheric science.

NASA’s two new missions to Venus: 
•  Davinci+ (Deep atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble Gases, Chemistry, and Imaging) mission will  Measure the planet’s atmosphere to gain insight into how it formed and evolved. Determine whether Venus  ever had an ocean. Return the first high resolution images of the planet’s ‘tesserae’ geological features. 
•  Veritas (Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy)  This mission will map  the planet’s surface to understand its geological history and investigate how it developed so differently  than Earth. It will use a form of radar to chart surface elevations and discover whether volcanoes and  earthquakes are still happening.

About Venus: 
•  Venus is the second planet from the sun and the hottest planet in the solar system with a surface  temperature of 500C – high enough to melt lead.
•  A single Venusian rotation takes 243.0226 Earth days. That means a day lasts longer than a year on Venus, which makes a complete orbit around the sun in 225 Earth days.
•  Venus is one of just two planets that rotate from east to west. Only Venus and  Uranus have this  “backwards” rotation.
•  The Venusian planetary core has a diameter of about 4,360 miles (7,000 km), comparable to Earth’s core