Baloch Pakistan Conflict

News: The recent attack on a complex outside Pakistan’s strategic Gwadar Port has been claimed by the Majeed Brigade of the separatist group Baloch Liberation Army (BLA).


About Baluchistan:

TopicDetails
PopulationEthnic Baloch live in Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. Baloch nationalism
emerged in the early 20th century due to new international borders in
the region
Accession of BaluchistanAt the time of Partition, Baluchistan consisted of multiple chiefdoms
under British influence. Ahmed Yar Khan, chief of Kalat, sought
independence but was compelled to accede to Pakistan in 1948 after
Pakistan’s invasion of Kalat.
Insurgency The forced accession led to violent insurgencies between Baloch
nationalists and the Pakistani state. 
State repressionPakistani security forces have been accused of brutal repression,
including extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances of
Baloch activists, journalists, and civilians. Amnesty International\'s 2011
report highlighted the use of \'kill and dump\' strategies by Pakistani
forces.
Ethnic
differences
Baluchistan\'s distinct history, language, and culture contribute to ethnic
differences with Punjabis and Sindh\'s. 
Power imbalancePakistan\'s formation based on religion led to skewed power dynamics
among different Muslim ethnicities, with Punjab landlords holding
significant influence.
Economic
injustice
Despite significant natural resources like oil reserves and strategic
locations such as Gwadar Port, Baloch people have not benefited
economically. 
Marginalization Economic disparities, unemployment, and preferential treatment of
outsiders in job opportunities fuel resentment among the Baloch
population.
Growing
militancy
Baloch nationalist groups like the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) have formed alliances with Islamist organizations such as the Tehreek-eTaliban Pakistan (TTP) and Islamic State, leading to growing militancy.
Political turmoilIn 1974, Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto\'s assassination marked
significant violence due to Balochistan\'s demand for autonomy
Majeed BrigadeA dedicated suicide squad within the Baloch Liberation Army (BLA)
responsible for high-profile attacks targeting security personnel,
government officials, and infrastructure, including Chinese interests in
Pakistan.

 

India’s Role:

TopicDetails
Strategic
location
Balochistan spans across Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan, strategically
positioned at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, a crucial waterway for global
oil trade. It also has access to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean,
enhancing its potential as a hub for maritime connectivity and trade.
Geopolitical
dynamics 

Baluchistan\'s Baloch minority holds strategic importance for global powers

 competing for influence in Central Asia and the Middle East.

New great
game 
Refers to the rivalry among regional and global powers for influence and
resources in Central and South Asia, particularly focused on Afghanistan
and neighboring countries. 
China factorChina\'s interest in Gwadar, a port city in Baluchistan, is linked to its Belt and
Road Initiative (BRI) and naval ambitions in the Indian Ocean
Security
concerns
Baluchistan\'s proximity to Afghanistan, recently taken over by the Taliban
regime, adds complexity and uncertainty to regional security dynamics.
Change in
foreign policy
India, as a rising power with increasing economic and security interests in
the region, needs to reconsider its traditional neutrality and passive
approach in the Middle East and Central Asia
Chabahar portDeveloped by India in Iran, the Chabahar port competes directly with
Pakistan\'s China-funded Gwadar port, serving as a check on growing
Chinese influence in the neighborhood region
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