Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (WEEV)

Facts for Prelims

Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (WEEV)

News: Recently, the International Health Regulations National Focal Point (IHR NFP) in Argentina alerted the World Health Organization of a human case of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (WEEV) infection.

About:
• WEEV is a mosquito-borne infection belonging to the Togaviridae virus family. It possesses a single-stranded RNA genome with a length of approximately 11.5 kilobases.
• The virus is a recombinant of the eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and a Sindbis-like virus.
• Reservoirs and transmission: Passerine birds are believed to be the reservoir of WEEV. Equine species serve as intermediate hosts. Mosquitoes act as vectors, facilitating the transmission of the virus to humans.
• Symptoms: While many infections are asymptomatic, some cases may result in severe consequences. Approximately 4-5% of cases can lead to inflammation of the brain, causing neurological symptoms and potential sequelae.
• Treatment: No specific antiviral treatment is available for WEEV. Symptomatic care is essential, particularly for managing neurological symptoms.