Odisha?s Special Development Councils

Odisha’s Special Development Councils (SDCs)

Background: An article was covered on how Odisha’s SDC’s are playing key role in preserving Tribal culture. Instruction – Quote such examples in your mains answers. Questions on Tribal culture is a sure shot in GPSC mains.
 

What is Odisha’s SDC model?
• Odisha’s Special Development Councils (SDCs) are special bodies that aim to preserve and promote the culture and heritage of the 62 tribal communities in the state.
• The SDCs are responsible for preparing plans and budgets for the development and advancement of the tribal areas, supervising and reviewing different development projects undertaken by various agencies, and ensuring the participation and empowerment of the tribal people.
 

What are some of the activities undertaken by SDCs?
• Preserving the sacred trees of the tribal people. According to data around 4500 groves were near extinction but now 4730 groves are protected.
• Forming cultural clubs and organizing cultural programs.
• Showcasing and celebrating the tribal art, music, dance, cuisine, and crafts. For example, 40,000 tribal artisans received ID cards, ensuring both cultural preservation and job opportunities.
• Researching and documenting the tribal history, folklore, literature, and knowledge systems
• Enhancing the education and health facilities for the tribal people
• The SDCs involve tribes in decision-making, preventing majoritarianism. For example, The Councils have members from all tribal groups, including Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
 

Why is Tribal culture slowly eroding in India?
• The loss of tribal lands and forests due to development projects, mining, deforestation, and encroachment by non-tribal people. This affects the livelihood, identity, and autonomy of the tribal communities.
• The assimilation and acculturation of tribal people into the mainstream society, which erodes their distinct traditions, languages, and customs.
• The lack of awareness and appreciation of the rich and diverse tribal culture among the general public, which results in stereotyping, neglect, and indifference. This also hampers the preservation and promotion of the tribal heritage.
• Programs like the Aspirational Districts Programme prioritize development over cultural context. For instance, except Odisha, other states follow the Central government’s approach which doesn’t prioritize tribal culture.
 

Which are the recognized PVTG’s in Odisha?
• Birhor, Bondo, Chuktia Bhunjia, Didayi, Juang, Kharia, Dongria Khond, Kutia Khond, Lanjia Saora, Lodha, Mankidia, Paudi Bhuyan and Saora.