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MP ox Virus
Context: Recently, a study unveiled a novel adaptation mechanism of the MP ox virus that enhances its ability to infect humans during recent outbreaks. The name was altered from \'monkeypox\' to \'mpox\' to mitigate stigma towards monkeys and better signify the virus\'s direct infectivity in humans.
About:
• Viral Characteristics:
o MP ox is a DNA virus belonging to the family Poxviridae, which includes large, double-stranded DNA viruses.
• Origin and Hosts:
o Initially identified in monkeys in 1958, Mpox has been found to infect humans as well.
• Transmission:
o The virus is primarily transmitted to humans from animals, particularly rodents and primates, through direct contact or contact with contaminated objects.
• Symptoms:
o In humans, Mpox infection typically presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, and a distinctive rash evolving from macules to papules, vesicles, and pustules.
• Vaccination:
o Although a vaccine for Mpox exists, its availability and effectiveness are limited, underscoring the necessity for improved prevention and control strategies.
Key Points about Mpox (Monkeypox) Outbreaks and Genomic Features
Global Outbreaks (2022-2023) | Mpox outbreak affected over 100,000 people in more than 118 countries, characterized by high human-tohuman transmission, including via close contact and sexual route. |
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WHO Declaration | WHO declared the mpox outbreak a public health emergency, leading to coordinated global efforts to control its spread. |
Genomic Features | |
Clades and Lineages | Mpox genomes are divided into clades I and II; clade I associated with higher mortality. The 2022 outbreak involved a new lineage, clade IIb, adept at human-tohuman transmission. |
Genomic Analysis | Research identified a distinct clade I lineage linked to human-to-human transmission, indicating recent zoonotic spillover |
Evolutionary Adaptations | Mpox viruses exhibit genomic accordion through gene duplication or deletion, adapting to different hosts and environments. |
Study Findings (Nature Communications) | Genome sequencing of the 2022 outbreak revealed specific genomic sections influencing human-to-human transmission, termed as the virus\'s genomic accordions. |
Comparison of Smallpox, Monkeypox, and Chickenpox | Smallpox | Monkeypox | Chickenpox |
---|---|---|---|
Virus | Variola virus | Monkeypox virus | Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) |
Severity | Highly severe, often fatal | Milder than smallpox, rarely fatal | Mild |
Status | Eradicated in 1980 | Endemic in Central and West Africa, cases emerging elsewhere | Common childhood illness, less common due to vaccination |
Transmission | Highly contagious through respiratory droplets and contact with infected lesions | Spread through contact with infected animals, lesions, or bodily fluids | Highly contagious through respiratory droplets and contact with lesions |
Symptoms | Fever, headache, severe fatigue, vomiting, followed by a deep-seated, pus-filled rash | Fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, followed by a rash that progresses through stages | Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, followed by an itchy, fluidfilled rash |
Vaccination | No longer needed | Not routinely recommended, may be given to high-risk individuals | Routine vaccination for children and adults who haven\'t had chickenpox |
Address : 506, 3rd EYE THREE (III), Opp. Induben Khakhrawala, Girish Cold Drink Cross Road, CG Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009.
Mobile : 8469231587 / 9586028957
Telephone : 079-40098991
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